Cannot upgrade udev in the debootstrapped environment

[Dmitry]

$ sudo debootstrap trusty rootfs-trusty http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu
I: Retrieving Release
I: Retrieving Release.gpg
I: Checking Release signature
I: Valid Release signature (key id 790BC7277767219C42C86F933B4FE6ACC0B21F32)
I: Retrieving Packages
I: Validating Packages
I: Resolving dependencies of required packages...
I: Resolving dependencies of base packages...
I: Checking component main on http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu...
I: Retrieving adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu3

...

I: Configuring ubuntu-minimal...
I: Configuring libc-bin...
I: Configuring initramfs-tools...
I: Base system installed successfully.

Now add trusty-updates to sources.list:

$ cat rootfs-trusty/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu trusty main
deb http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu trusty-updates main

Update & upgrade:

$ sudo chroot rootfs-trusty apt-get update
Ign http://ftp.byfly.by trusty InRelease
Get:1 http://ftp.byfly.by trusty-updates InRelease [65.9 kB]
Hit http://ftp.byfly.by trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://ftp.byfly.by trusty Release
Get:2 http://ftp.byfly.by trusty-updates/main i386 Packages [718 kB]
Get:3 http://ftp.byfly.by trusty-updates/main Translation-en [376 kB]
Hit http://ftp.byfly.by trusty/main i386 Packages
Get:4 http://ftp.byfly.by trusty/main Translation-en [762 kB]
Fetched 1922 kB in 2s (942 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

$ sudo chroot rootfs-trusty apt-get install udev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libudev1
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libudev1 udev
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 84 not upgraded.
Need to get 768 kB of archives.
After this operation, 9216 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main udev amd64 204-5ubuntu20.19 [735 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.byfly.by/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main libudev1 amd64 204-5ubuntu20.19 [33.8 kB]
Fetched 768 kB in 0s (2574 kB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
 LANGUAGE = "en_US",
 LC_ALL = (unset),
 LC_TIME = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_MONETARY = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_ADDRESS = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_TELEPHONE = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_NAME = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_MEASUREMENT = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_IDENTIFICATION = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_NUMERIC = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LC_PAPER = "be_BY.UTF-8",
 LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
E: Can not write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - openpty (2: No such file or directory)
(Reading database ... 11517 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../udev_204-5ubuntu20.19_amd64.deb ...
Adding 'diversion of /bin/udevadm to /bin/udevadm.upgrade by fake-udev'
Unpacking udev (204-5ubuntu20.19) over (204-5ubuntu20) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libudev1_204-5ubuntu20.19_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libudev1:amd64 (204-5ubuntu20.19) over (204-5ubuntu20) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Setting up libudev1:amd64 (204-5ubuntu20.19) ...
Setting up udev (204-5ubuntu20.19) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/init/udev-fallback-graphics.conf ...
initctl: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /com/ubuntu/upstart: Connection refused
 * udev requires a mounted procfs, not started
   ...fail!
invoke-rc.d: initscript udev, action "restart" failed.
dpkg: error processing package udev (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 udev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 16.04
Package: udev 229-4ubuntu4
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.4.0-18.34-generic 4.4.6
Uname: Linux 4.4.0-18-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.1-0ubuntu2
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: Unity
CustomUdevRuleFiles: 99-vmware-scsi-udev.rules
Date: Mon Apr 18 12:25:46 2016
InstallationDate: Installed on 2016-04-15 (2 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS "Xenial Xerus" - Beta amd64 (20160415)
Lsusb:
 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
 Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
MachineType: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform
ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-18-generic root=UUID=fe0efb9a-7b87-4bb9-b308-3892f5d59d1b ro quiet splash
SourcePackage: systemd
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
dmi.bios.date: 07/02/2015
dmi.bios.vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
dmi.bios.version: 6.00
dmi.board.name: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
dmi.board.vendor: Intel Corporation
dmi.board.version: None
dmi.chassis.asset.tag: No Asset Tag
dmi.chassis.type: 1
dmi.chassis.vendor: No Enclosure
dmi.chassis.version: N/A
dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnPhoenixTechnologiesLTD:bvr6.00:bd07/02/2015:svnVMware,Inc.:pnVMwareVirtualPlatform:pvrNone:rvnIntelCorporation:rn440BXDesktopReferencePlatform:rvrNone:cvnNoEnclosure:ct1:cvrN/A:
dmi.product.name: VMware Virtual Platform
dmi.product.version: None
dmi.sys.vendor: VMware, Inc.

[Martin Pitt (pitti)]

This got fixed in xenial, so closing:

Setting up udev (229-4ubuntu4) ...
addgroup: The group `input' already exists as a system group. Exiting.
A chroot environment has been detected, udev not started.

I confirm the issue for trusty. However, if you want to work with chroots you really need to create a policy-rc.d to disable starting of services. If you don't, then pretty well any package that tries to start a service will actually do/attempt so, which is often failing and usually undesirable in such chroots. mk-sbuild and similar tools create this automatically, but the simplest form is

/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d:
  #!/bin/sh
  exit 101

See man invoke-rc.d and https://people.debian.org/~hmh/invokerc.d-policyrc.d-specification.txt