Xorg fails to redraw desktop correctly

[udippel]

For the last two days, after the daily upgrades, both my almost identical machines (lenovo t410s) became partially unusable through a display corruption.
Menus are not redrawn, some applications fail to display their content properly, neither mplayer nor vlc play videos (youtube, however, does). I'll attach some screenshots.
I have already disabled composite display effects, to no avail.
Since both machines (home, work) behave identically, and both for the last 2 days, I don't believe in a hardware error nor configuration error nor hard disk corruption.

Aside of the screenshots, here is VLC started from the command line, no, there is space left on the device!!?:

$ vlc media/Movies/Das_Streichquartett.avi
VLC media player 2.1.6 Rincewind (revision 2.1.6-0-gea01d28)
[0x1c22118] main libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
QNativeImage: Unable to attach to shared memory segment.
X Error: BadPixmap (invalid Pixmap parameter) 4
  Major opcode: 56 (X_ChangeGC)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadPixmap (invalid Pixmap parameter) 4
  Major opcode: 56 (X_ChangeGC)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadPixmap (invalid Pixmap parameter) 4
  Major opcode: 56 (X_ChangeGC)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadPixmap (invalid Pixmap parameter) 4
  Major opcode: 56 (X_ChangeGC)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadPixmap (invalid Pixmap parameter) 4
  Major opcode: 56 (X_ChangeGC)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
Fontconfig warning: FcPattern object size does not accept value "0"
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
Fontconfig warning: FcPattern object size does not accept value "0"
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id: 0x0
[0x7f2a24001248] xcb_xv vout display error: shared memory allocation error: No space left on device
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
udippel@kubuwe:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 28G 11G 16G 41% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 2.9G 4.0K 2.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 577M 1.6M 576M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 2.9G 189M 2.7G 7% /run/shm
none 100M 24K 100M 1% /run/user
/dev/sda7 82G 42G 36G 54% /home
/dev/sda3 454M 119M 308M 28% /boot
/dev/sdb1 917G 781G 90G 90% /home/udippel/media
/dev/sda2 120G 63G 57G 53% /media/udippel/60D83ED9D83EAD62
/dev/sda1 100M 25M 76M 25% /media/udippel/System-reserviert
udippel@kubuwe:~$

$ cvlc media/Movies/Das_Streichquartett.avi
VLC media player 2.1.6 Rincewind (revision 2.1.6-0-gea01d28)
[0x1bb8db8] dummy interface: using the dummy interface module...
Fontconfig warning: FcPattern object size does not accept value "0"
Fontconfig warning: FcPattern object size does not accept value "0"
[0x7f23a8001248] xcb_xv vout display error: shared memory allocation error: No space left on device
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Please, ask when more details are required. As of now I suspect the xorg driver.

[udippel (udippel)]

With the next set of daily updates, the bug was gone on both my machines some 3 days after it had popped up for the first time. Intentionally or inadvertently the bug introduced has been rectified.